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71.
Ludwig Maier Walter Kunz Guenther Rist 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(1-2):41-52
Abstract Attempts to prepare 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethylphosphonates (4 and 5) by a Mannichtype reaction or by transesterification of 1-hydroxymethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol 1 with tertiary phosphites failed. On the other hand 4 and 5 are obtained by a Michaelis-Becker reaction from 1-chloromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol 3 and sodium phosphites in high yield. The Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction is less suited for the preparation of 4 and 5. 3 is obtained in good yield as a water clear liquid, b.p. 52–54°C/0.2 torr, from the interaction of 1 with thionyl chloride followed by treatment with a base. On standing at 0° or 20°C it decomposes within hours and yields the unsymmetrical methylen-bis(triazol) 3a in addition to other products. However an acetonitrile solution of 3 is stable for months. Heating this solution with tertiary phosphines gives triazolylsubstituted phosphoniumsalts 6 to 8. The Wittig-Horner reaction with 4 to 6 gives the olefinically substituted triazols 9–12 as a Z/E mixture in high yield. Alkylation of 4 with methyl-and ethyl iodide gives the corresponding alkylated diethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-ethyl-1-and-propyl-1-phosphonates 14 and 15 which on hydrolysis with HCI yield 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-ethyl-1-and propyl-1-phosphonic acids 17 and 18, respectively. Hydrolysis of 4 gives the unsubstituted 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl-phosphonic acid, 16. 相似文献
72.
Walter Gautschi 《Numerical Algorithms》2013,64(3):417-425
A method of “neutralization” is presented that significantly weakens, if not eliminates, a singularity close to, but outside, the interval of integration. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated by a number of examples. 相似文献
73.
Stefanie K. Fehler Gerald Pratsch Walter Huber Alain Gast Remo Hochstrasser Michael Hennig Markus R. Heinrich 《Tetrahedron letters》2012,53(17):2189-2194
3-Aryltyramines were prepared in one single step from tyramine and various arenediazonium salts by radical arylation. Binding as well as enzyme inhibition data of the 14 compounds do not prove true interaction with BACE-1. In contrast, with BACE-2 inhibition and binding could be confirmed indicating that 3-aryltyramines are potential starting points for a drug discovery effort. 相似文献
74.
Sonja Eichholz Martin Lerch Michael Heck Dirk Walter 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2012,110(1):437-441
Nano-sized carbon dusts are suspected of having negative effects on human health. An exact characterization of such particles is necessary to understand possible toxic effects, i.e. in the lung. Observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the carbon dusts are a composite of very small primary particles and larger agglomerates of these. A differentiation of the primary particles and agglomerates according to source is not possible by TEM, however, thermogravimetry investigations in synthetic air atmosphere are helpful. Standardized carbon black and graphite show a single-step oxidation behaviour, whereas ethene soot and diesel soot, for example, show more complex-reaction mechanisms. The results of ethene soot exemplarily demonstrate the oxidation mechanism. In addition to the oxidation reaction to carbon dioxide, a sintering process takes place. To confirm the oxidation mechanism, thermal behaviour of ethene soot has been simulated by kinetic modulation using a three-step reaction mechanism of n-th order. The reaction order indicates a complex mechanism for the first-reaction step. For the second and third-reaction step, a phase boundary mechanism could be suggested. 相似文献
75.
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77.
A. K. Rebane C. W. Thiel R. K. Mohan R. L. Cone 《Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics》2010,74(7):891-900
We analyze the material requirements for recording, storage, and processing of optically encoded information using coherent
optical transients in resonant solids. We introduce new figures of merit (FOM’s) that explicitly account for the ratio between
the rate of the decoherence and the rate of the spontaneous radiative decay. Highest FOM values are achieved when the decoherence
rate approaches the fundamental limit set by spontaneous emission under the condition that the total transition oscillator
strength is concentrated between a single pair of energy levels. We analyze FOM’s of some of the most promising rare-earth-doped
crystals at cryogenic temperatures. 相似文献
78.
Jirina Sysalova Jirina Szakova Walter Goessler Jana Tremlova 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2011,9(6):1071-1079
The modified BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure has been applied to two different samples of urban particulate
matters (PM). The distribution of selected trace elements As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn was investigated and, in a comparative
study, the presence of common organic air filters in extraction procedures was evaluated. Analytes in separate fractions were
determined by ICP-OES and GFAAS, respectively, depending on concentration levels. While, due to air filters, a significant
increase of some analytes mobility in individual fractions has been observed in case of the jet-milled PM (tunnel Letna),
but in case of the PKC sample such effect was not found. The analyte impurities built in some filters has been tested, and
the impact on the reliability of analyte results has been discussed. The arsenic species occurrence and their stability in
presence of air filters (size 47 mm) were investigated in both urban PM samples as well, using HPLC-ICP-MS technique. Water
soluble and by three-step BCR procedure extractable arsenic forms are shown in chromatograms 相似文献
79.
Prof. Timothy J. Donohoe Adam R. Lacy Akshat H. Rathi Dr. Daryl S. Walter 《化学:亚洲杂志》2011,6(12):3214-3222
A new strategy that employs an exocyclic stereocenter to effect diastereocontrol in the tethered aminohydroxylation (TA) reaction is applied to the stereoselective synthesis of a range of amino alcohols in good to excellent yields, and with anti selectivities of up to 20:1. The influence of the reaction conditions and substrate parameters on the level of diastereocontrol is described. Furthermore, an “inside alkoxy” model is employed to rationalize the sense and degree of stereoselectivity observed in these systems. 相似文献
80.
Rosane Bassi Soares Denis Honorato Costa Walter Miyakawa Maria Goretti Temoteo Delgado Aguinaldo Silva Garcez Tania Mateus Yoshimura Martha Simões Ribeiro Silvia Cristina Nunez 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2020,96(3):618-624
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an infection that arises after endotracheal intubation affecting patients under intensive care. The presence of the endotracheal tube (ETT) is a risk factor since it is colonized by multispecies biofilm. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) could be a strategy to decontaminate ETTs. We verify if methylene blue (MB) associated with external illumination of the ETT could be an alternative to destroy biofilm. We performed an in vitro and ex vivo study. In vitro study was performed with P. aeruginosa biofilm grew over ETT for 7 days. After treatment, the surviving cells were cultured for 3 days and the biofilm was analyzed by crystal violet absorbance. Ex vivo study employed ETT obtained from extubated patients. aPDT was performed with MB (100 µm ) and red LED (λ = 640±20 nm). We quantified the biofilm thickness and used scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence technique to verify morphological and functional changes after aPDT. Our results showed that bacteria remain susceptible to aPDT after sequential treatments. We also attested that aPDT can reduce biofilm thickness, disrupt biofilm attachment from ETT surface and kill microbial cells. These data suggest that aPDT should be investigated to decrease VAP incidence via ETT decontamination. 相似文献